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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">tinro</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия ТИНРО</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Izvestiya TINRO</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1606-9919</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-5510</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ТИНРО</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.26428/1606-9919-2024-204-964-1002</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">UWVHLB</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">tinro-1006</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МЕТОДИКА ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>METHODS OF INVESTIGATIONS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Основные принципы формирования и интерпретация оправдываемости промысловых прогнозов тихоокеанских лососей Камчатского края в современный период (аналитический обзор 2010–2020-х гг.)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Basic principles of developing and interpretation of validity for fishery forecasts of pacific salmon in the Kamchatka Region in the modern period (analytical review for 2010–2020s)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0782-6131</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бугаев</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bugaev</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Бугаев Александр Викторович, доктор биологических наук, заместитель руководителя филиала</p><p>683000, г. Петропавловск-Камчатский, ул. Набережная, 18</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander V. Bugaev, D.Biol., deputy director</p><p>18, Naberezhnaya Street, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, 683000</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">a.bugaev@kamniro.vniro.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6173-5667</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зикунова</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zikunova</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Зикунова Ольга Владимировна, кандидат биологических наук, заведующая лабораторией</p><p>683000, г. Петропавловск-Камчатский, ул. Набережная, 18</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga V. Zikunova, Ph.D., head of laboratory</p><p>18, Naberezhnaya Street, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, 683000</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">o.zikunova@kamniro.vniro.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9596-4336</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тепнин</surname><given-names>О. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tepnin</surname><given-names>O. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Тепнин Олег Борисович, заведующий сектором</p><p>683000, г. Петропавловск-Камчатский, ул. Набережная, 18</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Oleg B. Tepnin, head of sector</p><p>18, Naberezhnaya Street, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, 683000</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">o.tepnin@kamniro.vniro.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2713-8172</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Артюхина</surname><given-names>Н. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Artyukhina</surname><given-names>N. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Артюхина Нина Борисовна, заведующая сектором</p><p>683000, г. Петропавловск-Камчатский, ул. Набережная, 18</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nina B. Artyukhina, head of sector</p><p>18, Naberezhnaya Street, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, 683000</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">n.artyuhina@kamniro.vniro.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2151-6220</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шпигальская</surname><given-names>Н. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shpigalskaya</surname><given-names>N. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шпигальская Нина Юрьевна, кандидат биологических наук, руководитель филиала</p><p>683000, г. Петропавловск-Камчатский, ул. Набережная, 18</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nina Yu. Shpigalskaya, Ph.D., director</p><p>18, Naberezhnaya Street, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, 683000</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">n.shpigalskaya@kamniro.vniro.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Камчатский филиал ВНИРО (КамчатНИРО)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kamchatka branch of VNIRO (KamchatNIRO)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>31</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>204</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>964</fpage><lpage>1002</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Бугаев А.В., Зикунова О.В., Тепнин О.Б., Артюхина Н.Б., Шпигальская Н.Ю., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Бугаев А.В., Зикунова О.В., Тепнин О.Б., Артюхина Н.Б., Шпигальская Н.Ю.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Bugaev A.V., Zikunova O.V., Tepnin O.B., Artyukhina N.B., Shpigalskaya N.Y.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://izvestiya.tinro-center.ru/jour/article/view/1006">https://izvestiya.tinro-center.ru/jour/article/view/1006</self-uri><abstract><p>Рассмотрены основные принципы формирования и оценки результативности современных прогнозов динамики запасов тихоокеанских лососей Камчатки на примере ряда наблюдений 2018–2024 гг. Проведен критический анализ оправдываемости прогнозов для главных единиц лососевых запасов, даны установки корректной интерпретации полученных данных, а также рассмотрены возможные причины несоответствия прогнозных ожиданий и фактической динамики запасов. Описаны методические аспекты подготовки прогнозов с учетом видовых особенностей тихоокеанских лососей. Обозначены конкретные единицы запасов видов, прогнозирование численности которых доступно с применением математического моделирования. Показано, что в период современной высокой численности лососевых запасов рационально использовать трендовый подход для определения объемов прогнозируемого вылова, так как имеются все возможности для оперативной корректировки их потенциального промыслового изъятия в зависимости от фактических подходов лососей в текущую путину. Дано описание климато-океанологических условий, сложившихся в рассматриваемый период. Определен экосистемный характер несоответствия показателей прогнозируемых и фактических подходов/вылова тихоокеанских лососей в 2020 и 2024 гг. Наиболее вероятной причиной повышенной экосистемной смертности является наличие плотностного фактора, вследствие значительного увеличения численности тихоокеанских лососей в современный период (2010–2020-е гг.). Предполагается, что тотальное снижение размерно-массовых показателей тихоокеанских лососей приводит к повышенной смертности рыб при изменениях океанологических условий, влияющих на их кормовую базу. Особое внимание следует уделить образованию обширных зон положительных или отрицательных значений аТПО в зонах нагула камчатских лососей на ранних этапах преднерестовых миграций в юго-западной части Берингова моря и северо-западной части Тихого океана.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Basic principles of fishery forecasts developing and their performance evaluation are considered for the modern forecasting of pacific salmon stocks dynamics in Kamchatka in 2018–2024. The forecasts validity is critically analyzed for the main units of the stocks, with attention to correct interpretation of the results and possible reasons of discrepancy between predicted and actual stock dynamics. Methodological aspects of forecasting are described taking into account the species specifics for pacific salmon. Certain stock units whose abundance forecasting is available using mathematical modeling are outlined. In the modern period of high abundance of salmon, a trend approach to forecasting is rational, because of possibility of prompt adjustment of the catch values in dependence on actual volume of the salmon runs. Climate and oceanographic conditions at Kamchatka are described for the modern period. Ecosystem nature of the discrepancy between predicted and actual rates of runs and catches for pacific salmon in 2020 and 2024 is shown. Density factor in the ecosystem due to significant increase of the salmon abundance in 2010–2020s is determined as the most likely reason of unexpectedly weak runs, presumably because of heightened mortality of fish with the length and weight decreasing under environmental changes negative for their food base. Special attention in forecasting should be paid to vast areas of positive or negative SST anomalies on the feeding grounds of Kamchatka herds of pacific salmon in the southwestern Bering Sea and North-West Pacific during their early pre-spawning migrations.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>тихоокеанские лососи</kwd><kwd>прогнозирование</kwd><kwd>динамика численности</kwd><kwd>лососевые запасы</kwd><kwd>промысел</kwd><kwd>климато-океанологические условия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>pacific salmon</kwd><kwd>fishery forecasting</kwd><kwd>stock dynamics</kwd><kwd>salmon stock</kwd><kwd>fishery</kwd><kwd>environmental conditions</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Авторы выражают благодарность сотрудникам КамчатНИРО, занимающимся прогнозированием численности тихоокеанских лососей Камчатского края: С.В. Шубкину, В.А. Дубынину, А.М. Бирюкову, канд. биол. наук В.А. Рябчун, канд. биол. наук Е.А. Кирилловой.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The authors are grateful to the colleagues in KamchatNIRO involved in forecasting of pacific salmon abundance in the Kamchatka Region: S.V. Shubkin, V.A. Dubynin, A.M. Biryukov, V.A. Ryabchun, E.A. Kirillova.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Атлас распространения в море различных стад тихоокеанских лососей в период весенне-летнего нагула и преднерестовых миграций / под ред. О.Ф. 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