<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">tinro</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия ТИНРО</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Izvestiya TINRO</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1606-9919</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-5510</issn><publisher><publisher-name>ТИНРО</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.26428/1606-9919-2022-202-429-449</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">tinro-735</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МЕТОДИКА ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>METHODS OF INVESTIGATIONS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Беспилотный фотограмметрический учет тихоокеанских лососей посредством БПЛА потребительского класса</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Photogrammetric counts of pacific salmon by means of unmanned aerial vehicles of consumer grade</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6060-1532</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Свиридов</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sviridov</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> кандидат биологических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник</p><p> 680038, г. Хабаровск, Амурский бульвар, 13а </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> Ph.D., leading researcher </p><p> 13a, Amursky Boulevard, Khabarovsk, 680038, Russia </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vladimir.sviridov.1974@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Коцюк</surname><given-names>Д. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kotsyuk</surname><given-names>D. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> кандидат биологических наук, руководитель филиала</p><p> 680038, г. Хабаровск, Амурский бульвар, 13а </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> Ph.D., director </p><p> 13a, Amursky Boulevard, Khabarovsk, 680038, Russia </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dk-fish@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Подорожнюк</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Podorozhnyuk</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> заведующая лабораторией</p><p> 680038, г. Хабаровск, Амурский бульвар, 13а </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> head of laboratory </p><p> 13a, Amursky Boulevard, Khabarovsk, 680038, Russia </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Podoroznhyuk-tinro@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Хабаровский филиал ВНИРО (ХабаровскНИРО)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Khabarovsk branch of VNIRO (KhabarovskNIRO)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>06</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>202</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>429</fpage><lpage>449</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Свиридов В.В., Коцюк Д.В., Подорожнюк Е.В., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Свиридов В.В., Коцюк Д.В., Подорожнюк Е.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Sviridov V.V., Kotsyuk D.V., Podorozhnyuk E.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://izvestiya.tinro-center.ru/jour/article/view/735">https://izvestiya.tinro-center.ru/jour/article/view/735</self-uri><abstract><p>Разработана методика беспилотного фотограмметрического учета тихоокеанских лососей посредством беспилотных летательных аппаратов (БПЛА) потребительского класса. Она основана на оценке численности производителей и нерестовых бугров посредством фотограмметрической обработки аэрофотоснимков, отснятых БПЛА на контрольных участках, и анализе в геоинформационных системах (ГИС) фотограмметрических продуктов — ортофотопланов и цифровых моделей рельефа (ЦМР). Оценки относительной численности на контрольных участках предлагается экстраполировать на пригодную для нереста площадь водотоков соответствующего бассейна для расчета общей численности. Впервые установлено, что ЦМР дна водотоков дают возможность визуализировать и подсчитывать бугры. Приведено подробное описание элементов методики: планирования работ, выполнения съемки, обработки материалов, оценки численности, анализа, визуализации и веб-публикации. Приведены рекомендации по выбору БПЛА и вспомогательного оборудования, а также полетного, фотограмметрического и геоинформационного программного обеспечения (ПО). Предлагаемый подход будет способствовать объективизации учета лососей, постепенному переходу с субъективных аэровизуальных методов оценки численности на доказательную и проверяемую цифровую основу.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Methodology for photogrammetric counting of pacific salmon by means of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) of consumer grade is developed. The spawners and spawning redds are counted using photogrammetric processing of aerial images taken by UAVs at monitoring sites. The photogrammetric products (orthomosaics and digital elevation models — DEMs) are analyzed in geographic information systems (GIS). The estimations of relative abundance for the monitoring sites are extrapolated to entire area of potential spawning grounds. There is shown for the first time that DEMs of water channels allow to visualize and count the redds. Detailed description of methodology is presented, including the survey planning and implementation, data processing, fish abundance estimation, data analysis and visualization, and web-publication. Recommendations for choosing UAV, its accessories and software for flight, photogrammetry and GIS are provided. This approach will facilitate objectivity of salmon counts and provide gradual transition from subjective aerovisual methods towards proven and verified digital basis of fish abundance assessment.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>тихоокеанские лососи</kwd><kwd>нерестилища</kwd><kwd>нерестовые бугры</kwd><kwd>БПЛА</kwd><kwd>фотограмметрия</kwd><kwd>ортофотоплан</kwd><kwd>ГИС</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>pacific salmon</kwd><kwd>spawning grounds</kwd><kwd>salmon redd</kwd><kwd>UAV</kwd><kwd>photogrammetry</kwd><kwd>orthomosaic</kwd><kwd>GIS</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Дуленин А.А., Дуленина П.А., Коцюк Д.В., Свиридов В.В. Опыт и перспективы использования малых беспилотных летательных аппаратов в морских прибрежных биологических исследованиях // Тр. ВНИРО. — 2021. — Т. 185. — С. 134–151. DOI: 10.36038/2307-3497-2021-185-134-151.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dulenin, A.A., Dulenina, P.A., Kotsyuk, D.V., and Sviridov, V.V., Experience and perspectives of small unmanned aerial vehicles application for marine coastal biological studies, Tr. Vses. Nauchno-Issled. Inst. Rybn. Khoz. Okeanogr., 2021, vol. 185, pp. 134–151. doi 10.36038/2307-3497-2021-185-134-151</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Евзеров А.В. Нерестовый фонд охотоморской и анадырской кеты // Биологические основы развития лососевого хозяйства в водоемах СССР. — М. : Наука, 1983. — С. 103–113.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Evzerov, A.V., Spawning fund of the Okhotsk and Anadyr chum salmon, in Biologicheskiye osnovy razvitiya lososevogo khozyaystva v vodoyemakh SSSR (Biological foundations of the development of salmon farming in the reservoirs of the USSR), Moscow: Nauka, 1983, pp. 103–113.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Запорожец О.М., Запорожец Г.В. Использование фото- и видеофиксации для оценки количества производителей тихоокеанских лососей на нерестилищах и путях их миграций: некоторые методические подходы // Исслед. водн. биол. ресурсов Камчатки и сев.-зап. Части Тихого океана. — 2017. — Вып. 47. — С. 77–90. DOI: 10.15853/2072-8212.2017.47.77-90.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zaporozhets, O.M. and Zaporozhets, G.V., Using the photo- and video records for assessment of pacific salmon escapement on migration routes and spawning grounds: some of methodical approaches, Issled. Vodn. Biol. Resur. Kamchatki Sev.-Zapadn. Chasti Tikhogo Okeana, 2017, vol. 47, pp. 77–90. doi 10.15853/2072-8212.2017.47.77-90</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Запорожец О.М., Запорожец Г.В., Фельдман М.Г. Оценка численности производителей нерки и их распределение по нерестовым стациям в бассейне Начикинского озера (Камчатка) в 2019 г. // Изв. ТИНРО. — 2020. — Т. 200, вып. 3. — С. 618–634. DOI: 10.26428/1606-9919-2020-200-618-634.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zaporozhets, O.M., Zaporozhets, G.V., and Feldman, M.G., Estimation of the number of sockeye salmon adults and their distribution by spawning stations in the basin of Lake Nachikinskoye (Kamchatka) in 2019, Izv. Tikhookean. Nauchno-Issled. Inst. Rybn. Khoz. Okeanogr., 2020, vol. 200, no. 3, pp. 618–634. doi 10.26428/1606-9919-2020-200-618-634</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Золотухин С.Ф. Обоснование выбора рек для мониторинга запасов кеты и горбуши р. Амур // Изв. ТИНРО. — 2019. — Т. 199. — С. 19–34. DOI: 10.26428/1606-9919-2019-199-19-34.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zolotukhin, S.F., Basis for selection of rivers for monitoring on the stocks of chum and pink salmon in the Amur River, Izv. Tikhookean. Nauchno-Issled. Inst. Rybn. Khoz. Okeanogr., 2019, vol. 199, pp. 19–34. doi 10.26428/1606-9919-2019-199-19-34</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Крогиус Ф.В. Опыт применения самолета для обследования состояния и оценки заполнения нерестилищ камчатских лососей // Рыб. хоз-во. — 1955. — № 11. — С. 32–34.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Krogius, F.V., Application experience for investigating the state and assessing the filling of spawning grounds of Kamchatka salmon, Rybn. Khoz., 1955, no. 11, pp. 32–34.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Методические рекомендации по проведению учета приплода байкальской нерпы (Pusa sibirica) с беспилотных летательных аппаратов в Байкальском рыбохозяйственном бассейне / сост. В.А. Бизиков, В.А. Петерфельд, В.И. Черноок и др. — М. : ВНИРО, 2021. — 56 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bizikov, V.A., Peterfeld, V.A., Chernook, V.I., Kuznetsov, N.V., Petrov, E.A., Bobkov, A.I., Tkachev, V.V., Sidorov, L.K., and Boltnev, E.A., Metodicheskiye rekomendatsii po provedeniyu ucheta priploda baykal’skoy nerpy (Pusa sibirica) s bespilotnykh letatel’nykh apparatov v Baykal’skom rybokhozyaystvennom basseyne (Methodological recommendations for the accounting of the offspring of the Baikal seal (Pusa sibirica) from unmanned aerial vehicles in the Baikal fishery basin), Moscow: VNIRO, 2021.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Остроумов А.Г. Результаты аэровизуального учета и аэрофотосъемки красной и ее нерестилищ в бассейне озера Курильского // Изв. ТИНРО. — 1970. — Т. 78. — С. 17–32.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ostroumov, A.G., The results of aerial visual accounting and aerial photography of red and its spawning grounds in the basin of Lake Kurilskoye, Izv. Tikhookean. Nauchno-Issled. Inst. Rybn. Khoz. Okeanogr., 1970, vol. 78, pp. 17–32.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Свиридов В.В., Золотухин С.Ф. Методы ГИС для инвентаризации нерестилищ тихоокеанских лососей р. Амур // Изв. ТИНРО. — 2020. — Т. 200, вып. 3. — С. 730–746. DOI: 10.26428/1606-9919-2020-200-730-746.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sviridov, V.V. and Zolotukhin, S.F., Gis methods for inventory of pacific salmons spawning grounds in the Amur River, Izv. Tikhookean. Nauchno-Issled. Inst. Rybn. Khoz. Okeanogr., 2020, vol. 200, no. 3, pp. 730–746. doi 10.26428/1606-9919-2020-200-730-746</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Фадеев Е.С., Шевляков Е.А., Фельдман М.Г. Комплексный мониторинг пропуска производителей тихоокеанских лососей р. Камчатка в режиме реального времени // Изв. ТИНРО. — 2019. — Т. 197. — С. 3–20. DOI: 10.26428/1606-9919-2019-197-3-20.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fadeev, E.S., Shevlyakov, E.A., and Feldman, M.G., Complex monitoring of salmon spawners escapement to the Kamchatka River in real time regime, Izv. Tikhookean. Nauchno-Issled. Inst. Rybn. Khoz. Okeanogr., 2019, vol. 197, no. 2, pp. 3–20. doi 10.26428/1606-9919-2019-197-3-20</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шевляков Е.А., Фельдман М.Г., Островский В.И. и др. Ориентиры и оперативная оценка пропуска производителей на нерестилища как инструменты перспективного и краткосрочного управления запасами тихоокеанских лососей в реках Дальневосточного рыбохозяйственного бассейна // Изв. ТИНРО. — 2019. — Т. 196. — С. 23–62. DOI: 10.26428/1606-9919-2019-196-23-62.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shevlyakov, E.A., Feldman, M.G., Ostrovsky, V.I., Volobuev, V.V., Kaev, A.M., Golub, E.V., Barabanshchikov, E.I., and Golovanov, I.S., Limits and operational evaluation of the spawners escapement to the spawning grounds as tools for prospective and short-term management of the pacific salmon stocks in the rivers of the Far-Eastern fisheries Basin, Izv. Tikhookean. Nauchno-Issled. Inst. Rybn. Khoz. Okeanogr., 2019, vol. 196, pp. 23–62. doi 10.26428/1606-9919-2019-196-23-62</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шевляков Е.А., Шубкин С.В. Современный опыт обследования нерестилищ тихоокеанских лососей в водоемах Чукотки // Изв. ТИНРО. — 2020. — Т. 200, вып. 2. — С. 270–291. DOI: 10.26428/1606-9919-2020-200-270-291.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shevlyakov, E.A. and Shubkin, S.V., Recent experience of surveying the spawning grounds of pacific salmons in the water bodies of Chukotka, Izv. Tikhookean. Nauchno-Issled. Inst. Rybn. Khoz. Okeanogr., 2020, vol. 200, no. 2, pp. 270–291. doi 10.26428/1606-9919-2020-200-270-291</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Barnas A.F., Chabot D., Hodgson A.J. et al. A standardized protocol for reporting methods when using drones for wildlife research // J. Unmanned Veh. Syst. — 2020. — Vol. 8, № 2. — P. 89–98. DOI: 10.1139/juvs-2019-0011.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Barnas, A.F., Chabot, D., Hodgson, A.J., Johnston, D.W., Bird, D.M., and Ellis-Felege, S.N., A standardized protocol for reporting methods when using drones for wildlife research, J. Unmanned Veh. Syst., 2020, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 89–98. doi 10.1139/juvs-2019-0011</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dickens J., Hollyman P.R., Hart T. et al. Developing UAV Monitoring of South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands’ Iconic Land-Based Marine Predators // Front. Mar. Sci. — 2021. — Vol. 8. — P. 1–16. DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2021.654215.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dickens, J., Hollyman, P.R., Hart, T., Clucas, G.V., Murphy, E.J., Poncet, S., Trathan, P.N., and Collins, M.A., Developing UAV Monitoring of South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands’ Iconic Land-Based Marine Predators, Front. Mar. Sci., 2021, vol. 8, pp. 1–16. doi 10.3389/fmars.2021.654215</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Duffy J.P., Anderson K., Shapiro A.C. et al. Drone technologies for conservation. — Gland : WWF conservation technology series, 2020. — 123 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Duffy, J.P., Anderson, K., Shapiro, A.C., Avino, F.S., DeBell, L., and Glover-Kapfer, P., Drone technologies for conservation, Gland: WWF conservation technology series, 2020.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Duffy J.P., Cunliffe A.M., DeBell L. et al. Location, location, location: considerations when using lightweight drones in challenging environments // Remote Sensing in Ecology and Conservation. — 2018. — Vol. 4, № 1. — P. 7–19. DOI: 10.1002/rse2.58.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Duffy, J.P., Cunliffe, A.M., DeBell, L., Sandbrook, C., Wich, S.A., Shutler, J.D., MyersSmith, I.H., Varela, M.R., and Anderson, K., Location, location, location: considerations when using lightweight drones in challenging environments, Remote Sensing in Ecology and Conservation, 2018, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 7–19. doi 10.1002/rse2.58</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dunham J., Rieman B., Davis K. Sources and Magnitude of Sampling Error in Redd Counts for Bull Trout // N. Am. J. Fish. Manag. — 2001. — Vol. 21, Iss. 2. — P. 343–352. DOI: 10.1577/1548-8675(2001)021&lt;0343:SAMOSE&gt;2.0.CO;2.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dunham, J., Rieman, B., and Davis, K., Sources and Magnitude of Sampling Error in Redd Counts for Bull Trout, N. Am. J. Fish. Manag., 2001, vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 343–352. Doi 10.1577/1548-8675(2001)021&lt;0343:SAMOSE&gt;2.0.CO;2</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Groves P.A., Alcorn B., Wiest M.M. et al. Testing unmanned aircraft systems for salmon spawning surveys // Facets. — 2016. — Vol. 1. — P. 187–204. DOI: 10.1139/facets-2016-0019.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Groves, P.A., Alcorn, B., Wiest, M.M., Maselkobc, J.M., and Connor, W.P., Testing unmanned aircraft systems for salmon spawning surveys, Facets, 2016, vol. 1, pp. 187–204. doi 10.1139/facets-2016-0019</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Harris J.M., Nelson J.A., Rieucau G., Broussard W.P. Use of unmanned aircraft systems in fishery science // Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. — 2019. — Vol. 148, Iss. 4. — P. 687–697. DOI: 10.1002/tafs.10168.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Harris, J.M., Nelson, J.A., Rieucau, G., and Broussard, W.P., Use of unmanned aircraft systems in fishery science, Trans. Am. Fish. Soc., 2019, vol. 148, no. 4, pp. 687–697. doi 10.1002/tafs.10168</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Harrison L.R., Legleiter C.J., Overstreet B.T. et al. Assessing the potential for spectrally based remote sensing of salmon spawning locations // River Res. Applic. — 2020. — Vol. 36, Iss. 8. — P. 1618–1632. DOI: 10.1002/rra.3690.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Harrison, L.R., Legleiter, C.J., Overstreet, B.T., Bell, T.W., and Hannon, J., Assessing the potential for spectrally based remote sensing of salmon spawning locations, River Res. Applic., 2020, vol. 36, no. 8, pp. 1618–1632. doi 10.1002/rra.3690</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hill R.A. Optimizing aerial count frequency for the area-under-the-curve method of estimating escapement // N. Am. J. Fish. Manage. — 1997. — Vol. 17. — P. 461–466.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hill, R.A., Optimizing aerial count frequency for the area-under-the-curve method of estimating escapement, N. Am. J. Fish. Manage., 1997, vol. 17, pp. 461–466.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Isaak D.J., Thurow R.F. Network-scale spatial and temporal variation in chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) redd distributions: patterns inferred from spatially continuous replicate surveys // Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. — 2006. — Vol. 63, № 2. — P. 285–296. DOI: 10.1139/f05-214.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Isaak, D.J. and Thurow, R.F., Network-scale spatial and temporal variation in chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) redd distributions: patterns inferred from spatially continuous replicate surveys, Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci., 2006, vol. 63, no. 2, pp. 285–296. doi 10.1139/f05-214</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Johnson D.H., Shrier B.M., O’Neal J.S. et al. Salmonid Field Protocols Handbook. Techniques for Assessing Status and Trends in Salmon and Trout Populations. — Bethesda : American Fisheries Society, 2007. — 478 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Johnson, D.H., Shrier, B.M., O’Neal, J.S., Knutzen, J.A., Augerot, X., O’Neal, T.A., and Pearsons, T.N., Salmonid Field Protocols Handbook. Techniques for Assessing Status and Trends in Salmon and Trout Populations, Bethesda: American Fisheries Society, 2007.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Joyce K.E., Duce S., Leahy S.M. et al. Principles and practice of acquiring drone-based image data in marine environments // Mar. Freshw. Res. — 2018. — Vol. 70, № 7. — P. 952–963. DOI: 10.1071/MF17380.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Joyce, K.E., Duce, S., Leahy, S.M., Leon, J., and Maier, S.W., Principles and practice of acquiring drone-based image data in marine environments, Mar. Freshw. Res., 2018., vol. 70, no. 7, pp. 952–963. doi 10.1071/MF17380</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kudo H., Koshino Y., Eto A. et al. Cost-effective accurate estimates of adult chum salmon, Oncorhynchus keta, abundance in a Japanese river using a radio-controlled helicopter // Fish. Res. — 2012. — Vol. 119–120. — P. 94–98. DOI: 10.1016/j.fishres.2011.12.010.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kudo, H., Koshino, Y., Eto, A., Ichimura, M., and Kaeriyama, M., Cost-effective accurate estimates of adult chum salmon, Oncorhynchus keta, abundance in a Japanese river using a radiocontrolled helicopter, Fish. Res., 2012, vol. 119–120, pp. 94–98. doi 10.1016/j.fishres.2011.12.010</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">McKenna B., Parkyn D., Lecours V. et al. Drones: a new technique for monitoring salmon spawning escapements // Newsletter of the Alaska Chapter, American Fisheries Society. — 2019. — Vol. 39, № 4. — P. 1–6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">McKenna, B., Parkyn, D., Lecours, V., Stark, C., and Lepping, B., Drones: a new technique for monitoring salmon spawning escapements, Newsletter of the Alaska Chapter, American Fisheries Society, 2019, vol. 39, no. 4, pp. 1–6.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ponsioen L., Kapralova K., Holm F. et al. Monitoring fish spawning sites in freshwater ecosystems using low-cost UAV data: A case study of salmonids in lakes in Iceland // bioRxiv. — 2021. — P. 1–22. DOI: 10.1101/2021.06.12.448199.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ponsioen, L., Kapralova, K., Holm, F., Martinez, S.G., and Henning, B.D., Monitoring fish spawning sites in freshwater ecosystems using low-cost UAV data: A case study of salmonids in lakes in Iceland, bioRxiv, 2021, pp. 1–22. doi 10.1101/2021.06.12.448199</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Raoult V., Colefax A.P., Allan B.M. et al. Operational Protocols for the Use of Drones in Marine Animal Research // Drones. — 2020. — Vol. 4, Iss. 4. — P. 1–35. DOI: 10.3390/drones4040064.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Raoult, V., Colefax, A.P., Allan, B.M., Cagnazzi, D., Castelblanco-Martínez, N., Ierodiaconou, D., Johnston, D.W., Landeo-Yauri, S., Lyons, M., Pirotta, V., Schofield, G., and Butcher, P.A., Operational Protocols for the Use of Drones in Marine Animal Research, Drones, 2020, vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 1–35. doi 10.3390/drones4040064</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Roncoroni M., Lane S.N. A framework for using small Unmanned Aircraft Systems (sUASs)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Roncoroni, M. and Lane, S.N., A framework for using small Unmanned Aircraft Systems (sUASs) and SfM photogrammetry to detect salmonid redds, Ecological Informatics, 2019, vol. 53, 100976. doi 10.1016/j.ecoinf.2019.100976</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">and SfM photogrammetry to detect salmonid redds // Ecological Informatics. — 2019. — Vol. 53. 100976. DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoinf.2019.100976.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rukovodstvo pol’zovatelya Agisoft Metashape: Professional Edition, versiya 1.7 (Agisoft Metashape: Professional Edition User Manual, version 1.7), St. Petersburg: OOO Agisoft, 2021.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Instruktsiya o poryadke provedeniya obyazatel’nykh trebovaniy k dal’nevostochnym lososevym na KNS i KNP basseynovykh upravleniy rybookhrany i statsionarakh TINRO (Instructions on the procedure for conducting mandatory observations of the Far Eastern salmonids at the CNS and CNP of the basin departments of fish protection and TINRO station), Vladivostok: TINRO, 1987.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Instruktsiya o poryadke provedeniya obyazatel’nykh trebovaniy k dal’nevostochnym lososevym na KNS i KNP basseynovykh upravleniy rybookhrany i statsionarakh TINRO (Instructions on the procedure for conducting mandatory observations of the Far Eastern salmonids at the CNS and CNP of the basin departments of fish protection and TINRO station), Vladivostok: TINRO, 1987.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
