tinroИзвестия ТИНРОIzvestiya TINRO1606-99192658-5510ТИНРО10.26428/1606-9919-2023-203-427-442YNVMXMtinro-846Research ArticleАКВАКУЛЬТУРАAQUACULTUREРоль внешних факторов при культивировании тихоокеанской устрицы Crassostrea gigas в питомнике Приморья. 1. Влияние температуры на скорость развития, рост и выживаемость эмбрионов и личинокRole of external factors for cultivation of pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas at a hatchery in Primorye. 1. The influence of temperature on development, growth and survival of embryos and larvaehttps://orcid.org/0009-0002-8134-1749КалининаМ. В.KalininaM. V.

Калинина Марианна Витальевна, кандидат биологических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник

690091, г. Владивосток, пер. Шевченко, 4

Marianna V. Kalinina, Ph.D., leading researcher

4, Shevchenko Alley, Vladivostok, 690091

marianna.kalinina@tinro.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0007-2438-6621ТабельскаяА. В.TabelskayaA. S.

Табельская Анна Сергеевна, аспирант

690091, г. Владивосток, пер. Шевченко, 4

Anna S. Tabelskaya, postgraduate student

4, Shevchenko Alley, Vladivostok, 690091

anna-tabelskaya@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2930-1718СухинИ. Ю.SukhinI. Yu.

Сухин Игорь Юрьевич, кандидат биологических наук, начальник отдела

690091, г. Владивосток, пер. Шевченко, 4

Igor Yu. Sukhin, Ph.D., head of department

4, Shevchenko Alley, Vladivostok, 690091

igor.sukhin@tinro.ruТихоокеанский филиал ВНИРО (ТИНРО)РоссияPacific branch of VNIRO (TINRO)Russian Federation2023010720232032427442Copyright © Калинина М.В., Табельская А.В., Сухин И.Ю., 20232023Калинина М.В., Табельская А.В., Сухин И.Ю.Kalinina M.V., Tabelskaya A.S., Sukhin I.Y.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://izvestiya.tinro-center.ru/jour/article/view/846

Исследовано влияние температуры на скорость развития, рост и выживаемость эмбрионов и личинок тихоокеанской устрицы Crassostrea gigas при выращивании в контролируемых условиях в южном Приморье (зал. Петра Великого, Японское море). Экспериментальные работы проводились в обособленном структурном подразделении марикультуры ТИНРО на о. Попова в июле-августе 2019 г. Материалом для исследований послужили эмбрионы и личинки устрицы, полученные от производителей, отобранных из природных поселений, в результате искусственного нереста. Их выращивали в двух температурных диапазонах — 21–22 оС (средние естественные значения для личинок в прибрежье Приморья/контроль) и 24–25 оС. Показано, что повышенная температура оказывает положительное влияние на скорость развития эмбрионов и рост личинок: эмбриогенез завершается раньше на 2 ч, переход на стадию D-велигера — на 8 ч, на стадию великонхи — на 1 сут, на стадию педивелигера — на 4 сут раньше, чем при 21–22 оС. Наибольшие различия между величинами среднесуточного прироста в указанных интервалах температур отмечены на стадиях велигера (6,4 и 4,2 мкм . сут–1) и великонхи (14,3 и 10,9 мкм . сут–1), на стадии педивелигера различия нивелируются. Наибольший среднесуточный прирост отмечен на этапе экзотрофного питания (на стадии великонхи) в обоих вариантах опыта. Повышение температуры воды на 3–4 оС приводит к увеличению смертности в 1,3 и 1,4 раза на этапах от яйца до D-велигера и от D-велигера до педивелигера. Снижение выживаемости наблюдается на фоне интенсификации метаболических процессов и ухудшения качества воды в выростных емкостях. Наибольшая разница между величинами среднесуточного прироста и выживаемости в разных температурных диапазонах отмечается на стадиях велигера и великонхи (наиболее продолжительных). Установлено, что температура 24–25 оС находится в пределах ее оптимального диапазона (биокинетической зоны) для тихоокеанской устрицы на эмбриональном и личиночном этапах развития. Рекомендуется применение этого температурного диапазона при заводском способе культивирования личинок на предприятиях Приморья после подбора оптимальных параметров выращивания.

The influence of temperature on development, growth and survival of pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas embryos and larvae is investigated in controlled conditions at a hatchery located in Peter the Great Bay (Japan Sea) — the TINRO subdivision for mariculture on Popov Island in July-August, 2019. The oyster embryos and larvae obtained from natural producers in the process of artificial spawning were grown under temperature of 21–22 оC (close to natural conditions in the coastal waters of Primorye) and 24–25 оC. The higher temperature had a positive effect on development and growth rate of embryos and larvae. Under the temperature of 24–25 оC, the embryogenesis was completed earlier by 2 hours, the transition to the D-veliger stage — by 8 hours, the stage of veliconch was reached in 1 day earlier, the stage of pediveliger — in 4 days earlier than under the temperature of 21–22 оC. The daily size increments were larger under the higher temperature, with the most significant differences at the stages of veliger (6.4 vs 4.2 µm day–1) and veliconch (14.3 vs 10.9 µm day–1), with no difference at the stage of pediveliger. The greatest average daily increment was reached with exotrophic nutrition (at the veliconch stage) in both cases. The larval mortality was higher under the higher temperature in 1.3 times at the stages from fertilized egg to D-veliger and in 1.4 times at the stages from D-veliger to pediveliger because of intensification of metabolic processes and the water pollution  in the tanks for growing, with the largest difference at the stages of veliger and veliconch, as well, as the longest ones. There is concluded that the temperature of 24–25 оC lays within the range of optimal conditions for embryonic and larval development of pacific oyster (within the biokinetic zone) and this temperature is recommended for cultivation of this species in Primorye hatcheries, with selection of optimal parameters for the rearing.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.