Evaluation of primary production in the estuaries of the Razdolnaya/Suifen and Sukhodol Rivers (Peter the Great Bay, Japan Sea)

Production-destruction balance is determined and primary production is evaluated for different parts of the estuaries of two rivers with different hydrological regime in Peter the Great Bay basin (Razdolnaya/Suifen and Sukhodol) in different seasons on the data of chemical surveys conducted in 2010-2013. The values of production and destruction are calculated from the difference between observed nutrients (phosphorus) concentration in the estuaries and their potential concentration conditioned by the river water dilution. The nutrients concentration in the water passing through estuaries increased in their upper parts over the potential values due to the nutrients influx from destruction, then decreased below the potential values because of the consumption for photosynthesis. Production processes prevailed over the estuaries in spring, the sign of production-destruction balance changed in summer from destruction in the upper estuaries to production in the lower estuaries, and destruction processes prevailed in autumn-winter. Productivity of the Razdolnaya/Suifen estuary is based mainly on utilization of terrigenous nutrients dissolved in its highly mineralized water, but in the Sukhodol estuary the nutrients of terrigenous origin are consumed quickly and its productivity is maintained by recycling of nutrients. Passing the estuaries, 1 m³ of both rivers water produces on average 0.8-1.0 gС/m³km that corresponds to values of primary production up to 5.6 gC/m³day in summer, with the maximum in the upper parts of the external estuaries under salinity 5-10 ‰, at the haline front dividing almost fresh water of the internal estuary from brackish water of the external estuary. Taking destruction of organic matter into account, net production is mostly below zero in the river parts of estuaries, particularly in autumn, it reaches the maximum in the upper part of external estuaries (up to 0.7-1.0 gC/m³km or 3-5 gC/m³day) and remains on lower but positive level further offshore. So, estuaries are simultaneously «marginal filters» limiting penetration of terrigenous nutrients into the sea and «factories of nutrients»: the latter process dominates in their internal parts and enhances considerably biological productivity of these water bodies.

estuary, nutrients, production-destruction balance, primary production, Peter the Great Bay, Razdolnaya/Suifen River, Sukhodol River

1. Важова А.С., Зуенко Ю.И. Особенности распределения биогенных элементов вдоль градиента солености в эстуариях рек Суходол и Раздольная (залив Петра Великого, Японское море) // Изв. ТИНРО. - 2015. - Т. 180. - С. 226-235.

2. Ефимова Л.Е., Цыцарин А.Г. Пространственно-временное распределение биогенных элементов в зоне смешения речных и морских вод Двинского залива Белого моря (на примере устьевой области Северной Двины и верхней части залива) // Тр. ГОИН. - 2002. - Вып. 208. - С. 217-225.

3. Звалинский В.И., Недашковский А.П., Сагалаев С.Г. и др. Биогенные элементы и первичная продукция эстуария реки Раздольной // Биол. моря. - 2005. - Т. 31, № 2. - С. 107-116.

4. Звалинский В.И., Тищенко П.Я. Биогенные элементы в эстуариях. Поведение и биохимия // Состояние морских экосистем, находящихся под влиянием речного стока. - Владивосток : Дальнаука, 2005. - С. 89-124.

5. Зуенко Ю.И. Промысловая океанология Японского моря : моногр. - Владивосток : ТИНРО-центр, 2008. - 227 с.

6. Лапин С.А. Гидрохимическая структура вод Обской губы и оценка ее биопродуктивности // Вопр. промысл. океанол. - 2011. - Вып. 8, № 1. - C. 83-100.

7. Лисицын А.П. Маргинальный фильтр океанов // Океанол. - 1994. - Т. 34, № 5. - С. 735-747.

8. Мамаев О.И. Термохалинный анализ вод Мирового океана : моногр. - Л. : Гидрометеоиздат, 1987. - 296 с.

9. Руководство по химическому анализу морских и пресных вод при экологическом мониторинге рыбохозяйственных водоемов и перспективных для промысла районов Мирового океана / под ред. В.В. Сапожникова. - М. : ВНИРО, 2003. - 202 с.

10. Савельева Н.И., Аникиев В.В., Дударев О.В. Изменчивость стратификации вод в северной части Амурского залива Японского моря в летний период // Состояние морских экосистем, находящихся под влиянием речного стока. - Владивосток : Дальнаука, 2005. - С. 41-52.

11. Савенко В.С., Савенко А.В. Геохимия фосфора в глобальном гидрологическом цикле : моногр. - М. : ГЕОС, 2007. - 248 с.

12. Хендерсон-Селлерс Б., Маркленд Х.Р. Умирающие озера : моногр. - Л. : Гидрометео-издат, 1990. - 280 с.

13. Boonphakdee T., Fujiwara T. Temporal variability of nutrient budgets in a tropical river estuary: the Bangpakong River estuary, Thailand // Environment Asia. - 2008. - Vol. 1. - P. 7-21.

14. Budaeva V.D., Zuenko Y.I., Makarov V.G. Water structure and dynamics in Peter the Great Bay in conditions of strong summer desalination (2008-2009) // Pacific Oceanography. - 2013. - Vol. 6, № 1. - P. 10-17.

15. Cabecadas G., Nogueira M., Brogueira M.J. Nutrient dynamics and productivity in three European estuaries // Mar. Poll. Bull. - 1999. - Vol. 38, I. 12. - P. 1092-1096.

16. Eyre B.D., Balls Ph.W. A comparative study of nutrient processes along the salinity gradient of tropical and temperate estuaries // Estuaries and Coasts. - 1999. - Vol. 22, № 2. - P. 313-326.

17. Gordon D.C., Boudreau P.R., Mann P.R. et al. LOICZ Biogeochemical Modeling Guideline : LOICZ Reports & Studies. - 1996. - № 5, Second Edition. - 96 p.

18. Krasnick G., Caperon J. Primary productivity in a nutrient-limited tropical estuary // Pacific Science. - 1973. - Vol. 27, № 2. - P. 189-196.

19. Kumari K.L., Bhattathiri P.M.A., Matondkar S.G.P., John J. Primary productivity in Mandovi-Zueri estuaries in Goa // J. Marine Biology Assoc. India. - 2002. - Vol. 44. - P. 1-13.

20. Moigis A.G., Gocke K. Primary production of phytoplankton estimated by means of the dilution method in coastal waters // J. Plankton Res. - 2003. - Vol. 25, № 10. - P. 1291-1300.

21. Sarma V.V.S.S., Prasad V.R., Kumar B.S.K. et al. Intra-annual variability in nutrients in the Godavari estuary, India // Continental Shelf Research. - 2010. - Vol. 30, Iss. 19. - P. 2005-2014.

22. Sorokin Yu.I., Sorokin P.Yu. Plankton and primary production in the Lena River estuary and in the southeastern Laptev Sea // Estuarine, Coastal, and Shelf Science. - 1996. - Vol. 43, Iss. 4. - P. 399-418.

23. Statham P.J. Nutrients in estuaries - an overview and the potential impacts of climate change // Science of the total environment. - 2012. - Vol. 434. - P. 213-227.

24. Süzal A., Bizsel N., Bizsel K.C., Hüsrevoğlu Y.S. Dissolved nutrient behavior along the estuarine salinity gradient at the Gediz river mouth (Aegean Sea, Turkey) // Turkish Journ. of Engineering and Environmental Sciences. - 2008. - Vol. 32. - P. 67-84.