Production of biodiesel from fat of secondary crab materials
https://doi.org/10.26428/1606-9919-2023-203-686-694
Abstract
Production of biodiesel from the fat-containing entrails of king crab is investigated. These secondary raw materials are massively disposed (released into the sea) after separation of limbs. Routine technologies of the biodiesel production from vegetable and fish oils are used. The fatty acid composition of the fat is analyzed and the acid and peroxide numbers are determined. A high content of PUFAs (42.5 %) is detected, including the omega-3 (30.6 %) and omega-6 (12.3 %) fatty acids. High acid number (5.5 mg KOH per g fat) and peroxide number (85.6 mmol of active oxygen per g fat) of the crab fat do not meet the requirements for edible fish oils. The biodiesel in the form of fatty acid ethyl esters was produced from the crab fat with three indicators (NaOH, KOH, and H2SO4). Reactions with alkali did not give positive results due to formation of large amounts of soap. The best yield of esters was obtained in the experiment with sulfuric acid: 52.2 g of biodiesel was produced from 50.0 g of fat. Mechanisms of the reaction are explained and mass balances of the process are presented. Kinematic viscosity, total contamination, and acid number of biodiesel (4.96 mm2/s, 8 mg/kg, 0.35 mg KOH/g, respectively) meet the requirements of the national standard GOST R 53605-2009 (EN 14214:2003).
Keywords
biodiesel,
crab waste,
fat,
fatty acid composition,
ethyl esters of fatty acid,
acid number,
peroxide value,
viscosity
Supporting agencies: The study was funded from the state budgetary financial support for the research work of State Assignment No. 01-36-04.1 on the topic: «Obtaining biologically active substances from by-products and under-demanded aquatic biological resources for fish farming and technical purposes». The authors are deeply grateful to Dr. Jörg-Thomas Merzel, head of UBF Research and Consulting Laboratory (Altlandsberg, Germany) for his assistance in chemical analysis.
About the Authors
O. Y. Mezenova
Kaliningrad State Technical University
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Olga Y. Mezenova, D.Tech., head of department
1, Sovetsky prospect, Kaliningrad, 236022
S. N. Maksimova
Far Eastern State Technical Fisheries University
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Svetlana N. Maksimova, D.Tech., head of department
52 B, Lugovaya Str., Vladivostok, 690087
References
1. Ablaev, A.R., Gumerov, F.M., Levin, I.F., Matveeva, O.A, Mitusova, T.N., Namakshtansky, Yа.V, Semenov, V.G., Khaibullin, D.V., and Yarullin, R.S., Proizvodstvo i primeneniye biodizelya (Production and use of biodiesel), Moscow: APK and PPRO, 2006.
2. Boeva, N.P., Bredikhina, O.V., Petrova, M.S., and Baskakova, Yu.A., Tekhnologii zhirov iz vodnykh biologicheskikh resursov (Technology of fats from aquatic biological resources), Moscow: VNIRO, 2016.
3. Gorokhov, D.G., Baburina, M.I., Ivankin, A.N., and Gorbunova, N.A., Fat processing into biodiesel as a possible solution of the problem of energy production from renewable raw materials, Vse o myase, 2008, no. 2, pp. 30–33.
4. Dambarovich, L.V. and Agafonova S.V., Enzymatic extraction of oil from atlantic mackerel waste and its use in functional nutrition, Vestn. Mezhdunar. akademii kholoda, 2022, no. 2, pp. 48–55. doi 10.17586/1606-4313-2022-21-2-48-55
5. Enikeev, A.Kh., Garabagiu, A.V., Kozlov, G.V., and Karasev, M.M., Perspective raw material base for obtaining biodiesel fuel and technology of its production, Ros. khim. zhurnal, 2011, vol. 55, no. 1, pp. 63–69.
6. Ignatova, T.A., Rodina, T.V., and Podkorytova, A.V., Biotechnological conversion of waste from the butchering of the Paralithodes camtschaticus crab when receiving a feed additive with chitin, Vestn. biotekhnol. i fiz.-khim. biology im. Yu.A. Ovchinnikova, 2015, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 20–27.
7. Maksimova, S.N., Poleshchuk, D.V., Vereshchagina, K.K., Panchishina, E.M., and Surovtseva, E.V., Prospects for biomodification of waste from cutting the blue crab Paralithodes platypus, Vestn. Vostochno-Sibirskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta tekhnologiy i upravleniya, 2020, no. 3 (78), pp. 14–23.
8. Maksimova, S.N., Poleshchuk, D.V., Surovtseva, E.V., Vereshchagina, K.K., and Milovanov, A.V., Potential of secondary resources of king crab as a technologically valuable raw materia, Industriya pitaniya, 2019, vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 30–36. doi 10.29141/2500-1922-2019-4-4-4
9. Mukatova, N.D. and Chan, Nhung Thi, Grounds and development of technology of biodiesel production from fat-containing fish waste, Vestnik Astrakh. Gos. Tekh. Univ., Ser. Ryb. khoz-vo, 2012, no. 2, pp. 158–163.
10. Galynkin, V.A., Garabadzhiu, A.V., and Yenikeyev, A.Kh., Method for obtaining biodiesel fuel, Patent RU 2404230 C1, Izobret., Polezn. Modeli, 2010.
11. Boeva N.P., Petrova M.S., and Makarova, A.M., Patent RU 2440405 C1, Method for obtaining biofuel, Izobret., Polezn. Modeli, 2012.
12. Petrov, B.F. and Veprintsev, R.A., The use of industrial fats in the fishing industry, in Mater. Mezhdunar. nauch.-prakt. Konf “Rybokhozyaystvennyy kompleks Rossii: problemy i perspektivy razvitiya” (Proc. of the Intern. Scie. and Prac. Conf. “Fishery industry of Russia: problems and development prospects”), Moscow: VNIRO, 2023, pp. 327–332.
13. Podkorytova, A.V., Strokova, N.G., and Semikova, N.V., Complex processing of king crab in the production of food products and biologically active substances, Tr. Vseross. Nauchno-Issled. Inst. Rybn. Khoz. Okeanogr., 2018, vol. 172, pp. 198–212. doi 10.36038/2307-3497-2018-172-198-212
14. Potoroko, I.Yu., Tsirulnichenko, L.A., Popov, N.V., and Venkata, Mohan, S., Food production waste as renewable energy sources, Food Production Waste as Renewable Energy Sources: Prospects and Technological Solutions, Bull. of the South Ural State University. Ser. Food and Biotechnology, 2021, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 16–25. doi 10.14529/food210202
15. Rzhavskaya, F.M., Zhiry ryb i morskikh mlekopitayushchikh (Fats of fish and marine mammals), Moscow: Pishchevaya Promyshlennost’, 1976.
16. Tetyunnikov, B.N., Gladkiy, F.F., Bukhshtab, Z.I., Mel’nik, A.P., Butenev, V.P., Demidov, I.N., Timchenko, V.K., and Perevalov, L.I., Khimiya zhirov (Chemistry of fats, 3rd ed., revised. and additional), Moscow: Kolos, 1992.
17. Fan, Х., Barton, R., and Austik, G., Manufacture of biodiesel from fish oil, Khimiya i tekhnologiya topliv i masel, 2010, no. 5 (561), pp. 3–7.
18. Chan, Nhyung Thi, Mukatova, M.D. and Kirichko, N.A., The method of biofuel extraction from fat-containing fish wastes using the method interesterification, Vestnik Astrakh. Gos. Tekh. Univ., Ser. Ryb. khoz-vo, 2011, no. 1, pp. 152–157.
Review
For citations:
Mezenova O.Y., Maksimova S.N. Production of biodiesel from fat of secondary crab materials. Izvestiya TINRO. 2023;203(3):686-694. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.26428/1606-9919-2023-203-686-694
Views:
224
Email this article 